A variety of part types are investigated, including discrete bipolar transistors, hybrids, and junction field effect transistors Additionally, the effect of electron energy is also discussed. ![]() In this paper, a comparison between the effects of irradiating microelectronics with high energy electrons and Cobalt- 60 gamma-rays is examined. ![]() Forty five days later, there were still no sign of re-appearance of the American Foulbrood disease.Ī Comparison of High-Energy Electron and Cobalt- 60 Gamma-Ray Radiation Testingīoutte, Alvin J. The bees cleaned the combs thouroughly and started the storage of honey in some cells. These treated combs were then sent back in the beehives. The D 10 of isolated spores from contaminated combs was then determined at 0,518 kGy and the D 10 of spores irradiated in their own original environment was found at 2,05 kGy. The determination of the radiosensibility (D 10) was done on cultured cells in Brain Heart Infusion broth and was found to be determined at 125 Gy. Gamma radiation from Cobalt- 60 was used to sterilize honeybee combs contaminated by Bacilluslarvae. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protects people’s health and safety by preventing and controlling diseases and injuries enhances health decisions by providing credible information on critical health issues and promotes healthy living through strong partnerships with local, national, and international organizations.Disinfection of the bee hive's American foulbrood by gamma radiation from Cobalt- 60 įor more information on protecting yourself before or during a radiologic emergency, see CDC’s fact sheet titled “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About a Radiation Emergency” at /radiation/emergencyfaq.htm, and “Sheltering in Place During a Radiation Emergency,” at /radiation/shelter.htm. Co-60 absorbed by the liver, kidneys, or bone tissue can cause cancer because of exposure to the gamma radiation.įor more information about Co-60, see the Public Health Statement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry at, or visit the Environmental Protection Agency at. Most Co-60 that is ingested is excreted in the feces however, a small amount is absorbed by the liver, kidneys, and bones. It resembles iron or nickel.īecause it decays by gamma radiation, external exposure to large sources of Co-60 can cause skin burns, acute radiation sickness, or death. Co-60 can occur as a powder if the solid sources have been ground or damaged.Ĭo-60 is a hard, gray-blue metal. Co-60 also is a byproduct of nuclear reactor operations, when metal structures, such as steel rods, are exposed to neutron radiation.Ĭo-60 occurs as a solid material and might appear as small metal disks or in a tube, enclosed at both ends, that holds the small disks. Radioactive Co-60 is produced commercially through linear acceleration for use in medicine and industry. ![]() Nonradioactive cobalt occurs naturally in various minerals and has long been used as a blue coloring agent for ceramic and glass. Co-60 also is used for food irradiation, a sterilization process. It is used industrially in leveling gauges and to x-ray welding seams and other structural elements to detect flaws. Mode of decay: Beta particles and gamma radiationĬhemical properties: Metallic solid that can become magnetically chargedĬo-60 is used medically for radiation therapy as implants and as an external source of radiation exposure.
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